Augustus sent Agrippa to Pannonia at the end of 13 to suppress a rebellion. Also in 13 BC, Agrippa and Augustus returned to Rome. Four years later, in 13 BC, Gaius took part in the Trojan games with the other patrician youths at the dedication of the Theatre of Marcellus. That year his family left for the province of Syria, because Agrippa was given command of the eastern provinces with proconsular imperium maius. Gaius and Lucius Caesar standing with shields and spears between them simpulum and lituus above. The adoption of the boys coupled with the games served to introduce a new era of peace – the Pax Augusta. Shortly after their adoption in the summer, Augustus held the fifth-ever Ludi Saeculares ("Secular Games").
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Augustus taught Gaius and Lucius how to read, swim, and the other elements of education, taking special pains to train them to imitate his own handwriting, mostly by himself. Their adoptive father initiated them into administrative life when they were still young, and sent them to the provinces as consuls-elect. It is unknown what their father thought of the adoption. Augustus immediately adopted both Gaius and Lucius from their father by a symbolic sale, and named both Gaius and Lucius his (personal) heirs. An annual sacrifice on his birthday was granted in a decree. The last emperor of the dynasty was Nero, who was Gaius' great-nephew and the grandson of Germanicus.
He also was the uncle of Caligula, who was the son of his sister Agrippina. He was the stepson of Tiberius by his mother Julia's marriage to him, and brother in law of Claudius by his sister Agrippina the Elder's marriage to Germanicus. On his mother's side, he was the oldest grandson of emperor Augustus. He was a part of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, and was related to all the Julio-Claudian emperors. Gaius was born in Rome in 20 BC to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder. Agrippa acted as tribune in the Senate to pass important legislation and, though he lacked some of the emperor's power and authority, he was approaching the position of co-regent. The tribunician power allowed him to control the Senate. Agrippa was given tribunicia potestas ("the tribunician power") in 18 BC, a power that Augustus received in 23 BC, and later on was exercised only by the emperor and shared with some heirs (Agrippa, Tiberius).
With Marcellus gone, Augustus arranged for the marriage of Agrippa to his daughter Julia the Elder, who was previously the wife of Marcellus. However, Marcellus died of an illness that had spread throughout the city of Rome that year. However, as soon as he recovered, Augustus began to show he favored his nephew, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, then just 19. From early on, Agrippa was trusted to handle affairs in the eastern provinces and was even given the signet ring of Augustus, who was seemingly on his deathbed in 23 BC, a sign that he would become princeps were Augustus to die. His father was a key general in Augustus' armies, commanding troops in pivotal battles against Mark Antony and Sextus Pompeius. Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was an early supporter of Augustus (then "Octavius") during the Final War of the Roman Republic that ensued as a result of the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC. In 4 AD, following the deaths of Gaius and Lucius, Augustus adopted his stepson, Tiberius, as well as his sole-surviving grandson, Agrippa Postumus.īust of Gaius' father, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa He was married to his second cousin Livilla but they did not have children. Approximately eighteen months later, Gaius died of an illness in Lycia. The year after Gaius' consulship, Lucius died at Massilia in the month of August. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed to the office of consul for the following year, 1 AD. In 1 BC, Gaius was given command of the eastern provinces, after which he concluded a peace treaty with King Phraates V of Parthia on an island in the Euphrates. He would experience an accelerated political career befitting a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, with the Roman Senate allowing him to advance his career without first holding a quaestorship or praetorship, offices that ordinary senators were required to hold as part of the cursus honorum. Although he was born to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, Augustus' only daughter, Gaius and his younger brother, Lucius Caesar, were raised by their grandfather as his adopted sons and joint-heirs to the empire. Gaius Caesar ( / ˈ s iː z ər/ 20 BC – 21 February 4 AD) was the grandson and heir to the throne of Roman emperor Augustus, alongside his younger brother Lucius Caesar. Gaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus (after adoption)
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